Налог на имущество в Москве вырастет до 2% в 2019 году

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Налог на имущество в Москве вырастет до 2% в 2019 году
Налог на имущество организаций в Москве вырастет в 2019 году с 1,5% до 2%. Об этом «Известиям» рассказали в столичном департаменте экономической политики и развития. В ведомстве отметили, что повышение произойдет в соответствии с федеральным законодательством. Ранее представители бизнеса обращались к мэру Сергею Собянину с просьбой сохранить ставку на уровне 1,5%, из-за того, что с 1 января НДС вырастет до 20%. Эксперты предупреждают, что издержки компаний могут ударить по кошелькам потребителей и зарплатам сотрудников предприятий.

Столичное решение

Региональные власти вправе самостоятельно устанавливать ставку налога на имущество, который рассчитывается от кадастровой стоимости. Если они этого не делают, вступает в силу федеральное законодательство, по нему ставка составляет 2%. В Москве этот налог рос постепенно: от 0,9% в 2014 году до 1,5% в 2018-м.

— С 2019 года московским законодательством налоговая ставка не устанавливалась, в связи с чем будет действовать налоговая ставка, применяемая на федеральном уровне, в размере 2%, — пояснили «Известиям» в столичном департаменте экономической политики и развития Москвы.

В столичном ведомстве утверждают, что речь идет не о повышении, а о выходе на уровень, изначально установленный федеральным законодательством. В департаменте добавили, что совокупная налоговая нагрузка на бизнес в 2019 году сократится по сравнению с 2018-м. Для этого, как считают в ведомстве, есть несколько причин. Во-первых, в 2019 году всё движимое имущество не облагается налогом на имущество, что снизит налоговую нагрузку в среднем на 13%. Во-вторых, кадастровая стоимость объектов, вступающая в силу с 2019 года, в целом не изменилась по сравнению с предыдущей оценкой, а для большого количества объектов, у которых функционал остался прежним, даже снизилась в среднем на 16%.

Сегодня ставка 2% установлена, например, в Белгородской, Брянской, Калужской, Костромской, Липецкой, Рязанской, Ярославской и Тульской областях.

В ноябре письма (есть у «Известий») на имя мэра Москвы Сергея Собянина направили вице-президент «Опоры России» Александр Жарков и председатель Московской конфедерации промышленников и предпринимателей Елена Панина. Они просят не повышать ставку в связи с тем, что с 1 января вырастет НДС до 20%.

«Дополнительная нагрузка вынудит предприятия отказаться от обновления фондов основных средств производства, а также негативно отразится на фонде оплаты труда», — отметил в письме Александр Жарков. По его словам, это также усилит рост инфляции в московском регионе, что, в свою очередь, скажется на реальных доходах населения, «которые уже имеют тенденцию к снижению». Всё это негативно отразится на конкурентоспособности столичных предприятий.

Повышение ставки увеличит налоговую нагрузку на бизнес на 33%. Это может отразиться на стоимости товаров в торговых центрах, считает управляющий партнер юридической компании Consul Group Сергей Пивоварчик. Если ТЦ платит больше налогов, то получает меньше прибыли. Соответственно, увеличится арендная ставка, и товары в магазинах подорожают, отметил он.

— Движимое имущество освободили от налога, но для собственника ТЦ это неактуально, он таким имуществом не пользовался. А совокупная кадастровая стоимость торговых и бизнес-центров в 2018 году в Москве упала незначительно — только на 3%, если учитывать оспоренную собственниками кадастровую стоимость. То есть нагрузка на бизнес вырастет, — подчеркнул эксперт.

При средней цене офисного помещения в 20 млн рублей повышение налога на 0,5 п.п. для их владельцев означает 400 тыс. рублей налоговой нагрузки, подсчитал собственник офисных помещений, руководитель юридической компании «Юрвиста» Алексей Петропольский.

Среди собственников коммерческих помещений стабильная ситуация только у стрит-ритейла, по остальным сегментам заметен отток арендаторов, отметил он. Арендодатели будут вынуждены поднять арендную ставку, в том числе, чтобы компенсировать повышенный налог. А арендаторы начнут либо переезжать, либо сокращать площади, поскольку на это приходится до 50% расходов, пояснил эксперт. Если же это недвижимость не под сдачу в аренду, а, например, производственные площади предприятия, то оно может закрыться, полагает эксперт.

Кадастровые сложности

По словам Алексея Петропольского, кадастровая стоимость по итогам последних перерасчетов упала в 30–40% случаев, но зачастую до этого она была завышена. Это подтверждает и Сергей Пивоварчик.

— Например, на 2017–2018 годы утвердили кадастровую стоимость здания в размере 100 млн рублей, а на 2019 год, после переоценки, — 90 млн рублей. Вроде бы снизили на 10%, — сказал он.

Но если учесть, что изначально бизнес просил снизить кадастровую стоимость здания, к примеру, до 80 млн рублей, то после новой оценки она всё равно выше, чем предполагалось.

Кадастровая стоимость земли по итогам последней переоценки существенно повысилась, говорит сопредседатель «Деловой России» по Москве Игорь Лаврик. А оспорить оценку можно теперь только через суд, издержки составляют около 250 тыс. рублей. Он уверен, что многие компании не пойдут на это.

Источник: ria-news.ru

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